Deion A. Sainvil
Jeff Naftzinger
ENC 1145
2/24/15
The Feminist Icon: Deconstructing Elaine
The late 1980s and 1990s hosted a change for the American woman. Marketers started seeing dollar signs over the heads of teenage girls and started catering to the untapped and diverse market. Whether it was music (TLC, Spice Girls), movies (Clueless), or TV shows (My So Called Life, Powderpuff Girls) female-centered media started to flood the stores. Aside from the consumer world, feminism underwent a change as well. The essence of womanhood which was a main focus of Second Wave feminism no longer became the focal point as women began to observe the changes in society and culture (Ivins-Hulley). Three branches of feminism emerged during this era: Riot Grrrl, Post-feminism/ Power feminism, and Third Wave.
During this time, Seinfeld was one of the biggest sitcoms on-air and since its finale in 1998, critics, fans and scholars have deemed it among the greatest shows of all time (Roush). Jerry Seinfeld credits the show’s success to Julia Louis Dreyfuss’s character, Elaine (“Queen of the Castle”). Many have deemed Elaine Benes a feminist icon (Armstrong) and on the surface it’s easy to see her as such. She lives on her own terms, she has a career, she’s sexually assertive and doesn’t yearn to be married and have kids. However, there’s a lot that goes into feminism that isn’t addressed here. While it may not be fair to criticize a sitcom that doesn’t take itself seriously by weighing-in on controversial issues, it’s equally unjust to praise it for doing something that it doesn’t.
Elaine’s dependence on men for companionship, her creation and control by men, and her inability to do anything to empower other women on the show are reasons why she is not a feminist icon. By looking at the three forms of feminism during the show’s era , comparing Elaine to Daria Morgendorfer from Daria and Emma Peel from The Avengers, and analyzing Julia Louis-Dreyfuss’s take on Elaine it is clear to see that Elaine is undeserving of her status.
Elaine, Daria and Emma all have one thing in common: their origins. None of them were initially characters in the shows they were in. Elaine’s character was created after NBC studio executives urged Larry David to include a female character in the show (“Queen of the Castle”). Daria was first introduced to the world as the intelligent high schooler who didn’t entertain the immaturity and wild antics of her classmates, Beavis and Butthead. Her inclusion in Beavis and Butthead after Judy McGrath, the head of MTV at the time, asked why there weren’t any smart people or girls on the show (Bradenburg). Emma Peel came in as Cathy Gale’s replacement (Thomas).
Elaine didn’t start off as the popular character she is known as today. She played a minor role until Julia Louis-Dreyfuss cried to the writers for a more pivotal part. The writers had trouble writing her character but David told them to write her as if she were one of the guys and the problem was solved (“Queen of the Castle”). Because Elaine’s actions and dialogue are controlled by men and intently written from a man’s perspective, Elaine cannot be considered a strong feminist character.
In the episode “The Implant,” Jerry is suspicious that his girlfriend has breast implants, so he gets Elaine to spy on her at the sauna. George and Jerry frequently approach Elaine for advice on women. In the same episode, Jerry tells Elaine about how he and George can’t make moves on women with non-dominant hands. He asks her if women go left or right; she responds, “Nah, we just play defense” (“The Implant”). There isn’t anything wrong with giving advice, but Jerry and George use this advice to further their chances of sleeping with the women they’re seeing, thus, Elaine is a mere inside man, or woman. Whenever a woman’s perspective is needed, it’s her time to shine. If she were more like Susan, George’s deceased fiancée, or any of the women that the guys pursue, she wouldn’t have lasted an entire season. She’s an ambassador of the female gender. Whenever Daria gives anybody advice it’s usually laden with sarcasm and it benefits nobody but her sardonic sense of humor. Elaine’s advice rarely gives the women on the show the upper hand or equality with the guys. Had it done so, it would’ve helped her case. Being “one of the guys” brings little to no femininity to the show. Elaine’s character isn’t meant to empower women or represent them in a positive light.
Another comparison between Seinfeld and The Avengers involves looking into the episodes “The Bizarro Jerry” and “The House that Jack Built,” respectively. “The House that Jack Built” contains more than one allegorical representations of male oppression, but we’ll focus on women’s imprisonment in the home. In this episode, Emma mysteriously inherits a house from her deceased Uncle Jack. The whole thing ends up being a ploy to trap her. As mentioned earlier, this episode is an allegory of women being prisoners in their own homes. The home is a place of confinement ruled by an oppressive patriarch. The lack of contact with the outside world results in monotonicity and growing madness in the woman.
In “The Bizarro Jerry,” Elaine meets her ex-boyfriend, Kevin’s, friends who are the exact opposite of Jerry, George and Kramer. They’re nice, clean, and dependable and read books for fun. Elaine becomes drawn to this pleasant change and decides to ditch the guys for Kevin and his friends. When she leaves Jerry’s apartment to meet them she confesses to Jerry: “I can’t spend the rest of my life coming into this stinking apartment every ten minutes to pore over the, excruciating minutia, of every, single, daily event.” In a behind the scenes featurette, writer David Mandel, comments on the change in Elaine after Larry David’s departure from the show. The new wave of writers made Elaine more conscious of her situation and made her long for more out of life than the same rut . (“The Bizarro Jerry). While she expresses her frustration it’s interesting that she went to another group of men as opposed to a group of women or keeping to her herself for a while. In contrast to Emma, Elaine traps herself by returning to Jerry’s apartment to play a part in or witness the idiocy of the gang. Elaine’s dependency for male companionship makes her a non-threat to men. I will now define the three branches of feminism to see where Elaine fits.
Riot Grrrl is a practice based, rather than academic branch, of feminism that details the importance of female assertiveness and collective activity. During this movement female lead punk rock bands and feminist magazines abrasively spoke out against the injustices that women faced. Post-feminism/Power feminism differed from the collective effort of the Riot Grrrl movement and favored individualism. Post-feminism was all about lifting one’s voice and not dwelling on oppression. Third Wave feminism analyzed pop culture and women’s contradictory attitudes with it. It was a form that celebrated and berated. It celebrated outlets that brought feminist ideas to women and it berated representations and forms of oppression in the mass media.
Elaine would be the best fit with Post-feminism because she’s very self-interested. She doesn’t get on a soap box and preach about women’s liberation, she goes by the rhythm of her own drum. Members of Riot Grrrl would deride her for her lack of communal activity with other female characters but they would acknowledge her assertiveness. Third Wave feminists would observe the inconsistencies in her involvement with the outside world as a woman. Let’s see how Elaine compares to Daria under these ideals.
In an episode of Daria titled “Arts N Crass” Daria’s friend Jane enters a poster for a statewide art contest. The theme of the contest is student life in the new millennium. Daria and Jane use the poster to address beauty standards and teen eating disorders. This doesn’t fare well with the administrators and they alter the poster. In response Daria and Jane vandalize their own poster. Daria’s bout of defiance against authority is something that would be applauded by members of Riot Grrrl . Her rebellion is also individualistic because the poster affects her and Jane only. Elaine usually doesn’t rebel or make bold statements like Daria. She’s just a goofball. Much like Lucy Ricardo from I Love Lucy, Elaine’s plotlines always involve her own follies which get her into trouble. Although, post-feminists would welcome Elaine, they would favor Daria because she actually stands for something while living for herself. And finally we will read what Julia-Louis Dreyfuss has to say about Elaine.
Despite being a fan favorite, Julia Louis- Dreyfuss expresses a contempt for the character she plays. In a 1998 interview for New York Magazine, Julia Louis-Dreyfuss inadvertently slaps the faces of those who revere her character by saying Elaine is nuts and has self-esteem issues (Smith). Louis-Dreyfuss also stated that any man who hopes to have a woman like Elaine is a “moron.” (citation). Julia Louis-Dreyfuss wasn’t speaking out of anger. She was speaking honestly about the characters, acknowledging that they’re terrible people and people tune in to laugh at them and feel better about themselves. Denying the notion that people look up to the show’s characters, she compared watching Seinfeld to Jerry Springer. Meaning the same way viewers watch the Jerry Springer and laugh at how bad the people on the show are and how glad they are that they’re not like them is the same way they see Seinfeld.
Elaine Benes may be a free spirit but she isn’t the hero of an entire gender. Although she doesn’t act in ways that abide to the traditional views of single women in their 20s she doesn’t display qualities that exemplify a powerful woman. Her initial exclusion restricted her from being a big part of the show. When she was given the dialogue and story inclusion to make an impact she did nothing with it to assist women or uphold the feminist image. Although she fits in with Post-feminism, she wouldn’t be the best mascot for the branch. Maybe viewers choose to put on their nostalgia goggles and look at Elaine through rose-colored lenses. While Elaine’s self-serving lifestyle and sexuality might be something to admire, she falls flat in everything else.
Works Cited
"The Bizarro Jerry" Seinfeld: The Complete Eighth Season. Anonymous Perf. Seinfeld, Jerry, Jason Alexander, Julia-Louis Dreyfuss, et al. Sony Pictures, 1996.
Andrae, Thomas. "Television's First Feminist: "the Avengers" and Female Spectatorship." Discourse 18.3 (1996): 112-36. Print.
Armstrong, Jennifer, Keishin, "Seinfeld's Elaine Benes, a Woman Among Nebbishy Men, Is a Feminist Heroine." damemagazine.com. 7/2/14 2014.Web.
<http://www.damemagazine.com/2014/07/02/seinfelds-elaine-benes-woman-among-nebbishy-men-feminist-heroine>.
Brandenburg, Eric J. "John AndrewSeior, VP Creative DirectorKachew." animationmagazine.net. 5/4/05 2005.Web. Animation Magazine. <http://www.animationmagazine.net/people/john-andrewssenior-vp-creative-directorkachew/>.
"The Implant" Seinfeld: The Complete Fourth Season. Dir. Cherones, Tom. Prod. David Larry. Perf. Seinfeld Jerry, Jason Alexander, and Michael RIchards. Sony Pictures, 1993.
Ivins-Hulley, Laura. "Narrowcasting Feminism: MTV's Daria [this is an]." Journal of Popular Culture 47.6 (2014): 1198-212. Print.
Smith, Chris. "Single (Not that there’s Anything Wrong with that!)
" New York Magazine 30 March. 1998 1998Print.
Queen of the Castle: The Elaine Bennes Story. Dir. Tom Cherones. Prod. Cherones Tom. Perf. Dreyfuss, Julia-Louis, David, Larry, Seinfeld, Jerry. Sony Pictures, 2006.